Creation or Evolution? :: social issues

Creation or Evolution? How was the earth created? This is a question that has puzzled humans for ages. There are two main theories that explain how the earth was formed. These are the theories of evolution and creation. The creation theory is divided into various groups. The most accepted creation theory is the one of the biblical creationists. Biblical creation and evolution are very different, and both have indicators as to their authenticity. In evolution life is seen as having resulted by natural processes only. The theory suggests that in the past there were extended intervals of stability which ended with a mass extinction and the sudden appearance of a new species. This process occured without the intervention of supernatural forces or dieties. Nearly all modern scientists who are not Evangelical Christians believe in evolution. Biblical creationists are also called literal creationists, because they interpret the two Genesis accounts of creation in the Bible literally and believe that the Bible is without error. They believe that the "day" mentioned in Genesis 1 signifies a normal 24 hour day. According to this creation the universe was established in six days. Biblical creationists interpret most sedimentary rocks as products of Noah's flood. The majority believes that the earth is under 10,000 years of age. Some believe 4004 BC was the year of creation. The person who proposed the methods by which natural processes cause the evolution of the species was Charles Darwin. He used natural selection to explain how evolution worked. Darwin's old teacher said evolution would "brutalize" us as human beings and sink us "into a lower grade of degradation" than any time in recorded history. He was partially correct. The fact that many people think they evolved from monkeys has made morale in the world lower. However, to say that it has been the cause for the decline of society is ridiculous. Yes, war and crime has been higher in this century than in any other, but it is ceartainly not because of the theory of evolution. A theory can not start a war or commit a crime. People can. How can you prove creation or evolution? You can not prove them scientifically. The only one you could prove is creation, because of the Bible. If you believe that the Bible is without error, then you must believe that God created everything. Creation is much harder to support scientifically.

Case study of Bangladesh and Boscastle Floods

1. The flood occurred on Monday, 16 August 2004 in the villages of Boscastle in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village suffered extensive damage after flash floods caused by an exceptional amount of rain that fell over eight hours that afternoon. At midday on the 16th August 2004, heavy thundery showers had developed across the South West; these were the remnants of Hurricane Alex (2004) which had crossed the Atlantic. The flood in Boscastle was filmed and extensively reported. The floods were the worst in local memory. A study commissioned by the Environment Agency from a hydraulics consulting firm concluded that it was among the most extreme ever experienced in Britain. 1. The flood occurred during late July, August and September of 2004 and was widespread across Bangladesh. Although flooding is common, the 204 was exceptional bad with increased loss of live and livelihood. Bangladesh suffered extensive damage and approximately 38% of the country was submerged in flood water at some point Boscastle and Bangladesh Floods 2004 Causes Boscastle Bangladesh 1. 75mm of rain fell in just 2 hours in the village 2. The village lies in a steep valley which speeded up overland flow of rainwater 3. The village lies at the confluence of two rivers 4. The natural channel had been walled so the river couldn’t adjust to the sudden increase in water 5. There had never been a major flood in this village so there were no flood prevention methods in place. 6. The torrential rain led to a 2 m (7 ft) rise in river levels in one hour. A 3 m (10 ft) wave, believed to have been triggered by water pooling behind debris caught under a bridge and then being suddenly released as the bridge collapsed, surged down the main road. Water speed was over 4 m/s (10 mph), more than enough to cause structural damage. It is estimated that 20,000,000 cubic metres of water flowed through Boscastle that day alone 7. Changes in farming practice caused a reduction of trees and hedges higher up the valley causing water to flow through more quickly than would have been the case in the past. The saturated surface also contributed. 8. Boscastle lies in a valley and the highland encouraged precipitation in the form of orographic rainfall. 1. Bangladesh is a low-lying country with most of its land lying on the delta land of three major rivers, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and Meghna. 2. Climate change resulted in melting glaciers in the Himalayas which contribute to water input. 3. Deforestation in the Himalayas for agriculture led to increased soil erosion. This had a negative effect on the rates of interception and evapotranspiration resulting in more water reaching the river. 4. There was as unusual heavy seasonal monsoon rain upstream from May-September which fed into the rivers. This was a large contributing factor. 5. There were also tropical revolving storms (cyclones) that brung exceptional winds, intense precipitation and storm surges. Causing high discharge in the rivers. 6. River implement is difficult to implement as Bangladesh in one of the poorest countries with the GDP at around $300. 7. Increased pressure of rural-urban migration meant that more people lived on the flood plains. 8. The increased sediment in the river is also a contributing factor. Immediate Impacts Boscastle Bangladesh 1. A burst sewage mains and damaged buildings made much of Boscastle inaccessible for health & safety reasons for at least a few days. 75 cars, 5 caravans, 6 buildings and several boats were washed into the sea. Large loss of possessions 2. Approximately 100 homes and businesses were destroyed; trees were uprooted and debris were scattered over a large area. 3. A fleet of 7 helicopters rescued about 150 people clinging to trees and the roofs of buildings and cars. 4. No one died. 5. Roads were blocked off by the floodwater, making emergency access difficult except from the air. Even when rescue helicopters arrived, the valley was only big enough for two to operate at any one time, prolonging the operation & putting lives at risk from the still rising flood waters. 6. Property was destroyed by debris such as entire trees & vehicles speeding down the valley at high speed, pulled out towards the sea by the raging torrent. Buildings were smashed, especially in the main street where the river channel flows. 7. People were trapped in buildings by the floodwater & forced to seek refuge on the roofs of the buildings and await rescue. The danger of hypothermia, shock or even being swept away was great. 8. People were left homeless for the night, so emergency accommodation had to be set up. Nearby hotels & guest houses were packed with tourists who had arrived in Boscastle in the morning & had lost their cars, so were unable to return to their accommodation elsewhere. 1. During July and August 2004, approximately 38% of the total land area of the country was flooded, including 800,000 hectares of agricultural land and the capital city, Dhaka. 2. As well as 1.5 million acres of crop damage there was the death of 21,000 livestock. This is a huge loss of income for the families. 3. Nationwide, 36million people (out of a total population of 125 million) were made homeless. 4. By Mid September the death toll had risen to 800. Many of these people died as a result of disease caused by lack of clean water. 5. Raw sewage contaminated much of the flooded areas especially in Dhaka. 6. The flood also caused serious damage to the country’s infrastructure, including roads, bridges and embankments, railway lines and irrigation systems 7. Almost a million dwellings were destroyed, more than 3 million damaged and millions of inhabitants temporarily or permanently displaced. 8. Boats were afloat on the main runway at Sylhet Airport and all domestic and internal flights were suspended. Rail and road links into Dhaka and the affected areas were severely damaged. This created a difficulty distributing supplies. 9. The value of the damage was assessed as being in the region of $2.2 billion 10. Although the flood affected both the poor and wealthy households, the poor were generally less able to withstand its impacts. Landless labourers and small farmers were the most severely affected in rural areas. In the urban areas it was typical the slum dwellers, squatting on poorly drained land, who suffered the most. 11. 5000 shelters opened to accommodate the homeless. 12. 25,000 schools were damaged. The undamaged ones were used as emergency shelter and doctors set up clinics in the back of trucks. 13. Loss of export earnings from factories. Long Term Impacts Boscastle Bangladesh 1. Floodwater damaged a great deal of properties. Possessions were lost, river water and burst sewage mains spoiled the ground floor of many houses & thousands of pounds worth of damage was done. 2. Repairs had to be made after the damage. This was very time consuming & costly. Some buildings were beyond repair & their owners have had to consider rebuilding from scratch. 3. The damage not only affected the residents, but also insurance companies. It is likely that home insurance will be much costlier in Boscastle from now on. 1. Boscastle's main industry is tourism. The town was effectively closed to tourists after the flood, causing a massive loss of revenue. Tourist attractions such as the witchcraft museum were lost and tourists next season will be wary of visiting the town in case the floods are repeated. Boscastle may never recover its tourist industry fully & many small businesses could go out of business as a result. 90% of Boscastle economy is tourism, the floods caused major loss of tourism. 21 accommodation providers had to close down. 2 of which didn’t reopen. 2. Environmental damage to local wildlife habitats 3. Costal pollution caused as debris and fuel from cars flowed out to sea. 4. People suffered from long term stress and anxiety as a result of been traumatised by the incident. 1. The floods caused 4 environmental impacts: river-bank erosion, especially on embankment areas close to the main channels; soil erosion; water logging particularly in the urban areas; and water contamination, such as raw sewage in Dhaka, and the associated health risks that come with this. 2. As Bangladesh is such a poor country, the short term impacts almost mirror the long term ones as there’s little money to alter them. 3. The 36 million that were homeless up to 70% of them will remain that way for up to 5 years. 4. Factories continued to have a loss of earnings as there was a loss of export. 5. Roads, houses, other infrastructure, railway lines and embankments remained damaged. 6. Charities and other NGO have continued to provide aid and help distribute supplies 7. People undoubtedly will have suffered from long term stress and anxiety as a result of been traumatised by the incident. 8. Many small businesses and many peoples income (through farming or rearing animals) will have been lost and will never recover. 9. The absence of money in the country will inevitably mean certain amenities won’t get repaired. Immediate responses Boscastle Bangladesh 1. Buildings that were damaged were secured by building inspectors. This took 7 days, after which homeowners could retrieve there possessions. 2. People were relocated. 3. Power and water supplies were repaired 4. Local GP surgery acted as an emergency centre 5. Prince Charles made a large donation to rebuild parts of Boscastle. 6. Cars and debris was removed as well as the demolition of damaged buildings. 7. Environment agency removed debris upstream and burned vegetation away from the river. 8. Roads and sewage works were restored. 9. Nearby hotels welcomed anyone affected by the floods to stay. Especially tourists. 10. Tourists were given food and amenities and transport free of charge and helped to recover any of their possession before been helped to return home 11. The entire region was inspected & the probability of a recurrence calculated. The Environment Agency has recommended that construction in the area in the future should not include facilities for those most vulnerable to flash-flooding, such as the elderly & young children. Effectively, this means that the local Council will reject any planning applications for residential homes or schools in the valley. 1. Government organised a large scale search and rescue mission, with help from NGO’s and volunteers. 2. Sewage in the capital city was drained. 3. The government, working with non-governmental organisations (NGO’s) provided emergency relief in the form of rice, clothing, water, medicines and blankets. 4. An international appeal was launched with over $50 million donated. 5. The UN activated a disaster management team to coordinate the activities of the various UN agencies. They supplied critical emergency supplies and conducted a â€Å"damage and needs assessment† in the affected areas. 6. Bilateral aid from individual countries was directed to the UN team. 7. The charity WaterAid affected many areas that WaterAid works in, and so WaterAid and its partners actively engaged and assisted in water and sanitation issues, by rehabilitating existing work and through hygiene education. WaterAid's initial response included supplying oral saline and water purification tablets, providing transportation for emergency patients, disinfecting water points affected by flood water and raising awareness of hygiene risks through posters. 8. Many other charities such as the Red Cross provided volunteers who distributed food and essential relief items like kitchen sets, lighting, clothing, shelter materials and water purification tablets. They also provided healthcare and supported search and rescue operations. Long Term Responses Boscastle Bangladesh 1. 2004: Buildings searched, buried cars removed from harbour, trees removed, roads cleared, B3263 bridge temporary concrete parapets installed. Completed an Overflow culvert work and hard sticks were inserted into the ground so barrier against the flood water would be created. The museum and shops were demolished. All power and water supplies were restored. The Boscastle power system was also renewed 2. 2005: Most shops and restaurants re-open with new customers. The flood defences were increased and improved strongly with an  £800,000 flood defense scheme been completed by April 2005. The rest of Boscastle got rebuilt. 3. 2006: Two underground pumping stations for the sewage treatment scheme began and work to widen and lower the river channel to increase capacity began. The car park level was raised, and extended, reducing the risk of cars being washed away if it flooded again. 4. 2007: A ‘gateway building† was built and work started on rebuilding an old culvert at the top of the village, to allow more water to flow through in periods of heavy rain. Work started on installing the pipes for the new sewage treatments works, in the harbour area (between the Lower and Upper bridges). Traffic lights were reinstalled and the new lower bridge was installed. 5. 2008: Work on rebuilding the culvert next to the petrol station completed as well as a culvert in Dunn Street. The harbour was resurfaced and the Old Lower Bridge was demolished, and the new Lower Bridge was brought into use. 1. Self help schemes were put in place, such as growing pumpking on ground thought to be infertile, â€Å"Superducks†, Site and service and core housing. 2. WaterAid repaired tubewells, constructed mobile latrines and gave house to house counselling to families. 3. Charities continued donating money and continued their work with distributing supplies, improving living conditions and treating disease 4. Australia donated food supplies, consequently been the largest food aid donor to Bangladesh with the total worth contribution to over $27.6 million 5. With aid and government funding infrastructure was rebuilt along with some roads. All traces of sewage were removed from the capital city. 6. Flood shelters and early-warning systems have been successfully put in place. 7. Small scaled community projects have been put in place resulting in lives been saved 8. Following the floods, additional financial aid was granted for a period of 5 years. This was mainly in the form of a loan from the World Bank, to pay for, in the first instance, repairs to infrastructure, water resource management, health care and education. 9. Disaster-preparedness is a key priority for the future. This includes flood management and improved water resources. It is also planned that, in future, flood-resistant designs should be used in all social and economical infrastructure projects.

Illuminate and contrast with the main story line Essay

The Subplot: Consider the significance of the subplot and examine Shakespeare’s dramatic use of it to illuminate and contrast with the main story line. Shakespeare uses the subplot in many ways; it both accents the main story line and reminds the audience of Henry’s tainted past. The subplot helps to dramatise the play through contrasting moods and movement from one view point to another, therefore this the play can be seen on many levels. This also helps to give a rounded view of events, and through comedy, acts as a form of light relief from the tension that the main plot provides, and also gives the audience a better insight into the characters and what public view is on events. This gives his character’s depth and believability because they are seen from different perspectives. Through the subplot Shakespeare has also found a vehicle to show the story line in a simple way, and it gives everyone a character that they can relate to. This means that the plays are more attractive and therefore appeal to a wider audience. The subplot helps Shakespeare to put across his message on many levels, while developing the characters and increasing the audience’s comprehension of the play. Henry V was written at a time where the people of Britain were very undecided over going to war and this served as a reminder of Britain’s courage and valour. The play was written for the purpose of conveying a perfect monarch, and trying to create the same feeling about Elizabeth I. Shakespeare also made the attempt to create a sense that unity is possible after disparity and it would therefore create a feeling of optimism among the people who saw the play. The characters that Shakespeare uses in the subplot are the lowlife companions of Henry’s youth. They are mainly cowardly thief’s, who only go to war to steal; yet we find out in a speech by the Boy that they are not talented thieves, as they sell things they have stolen for less than they are worth; â€Å"They will steal anything, and call it purchase. † (III. 2) Later in the play, Bardolf is hung because he stole from a church. This action by the King helps him to remove himself, and prove that he has moved on from his earlier antics with this group of drunken thieves. Consequently this proves Henry to be a changed king, the subplot and its characters help to show Henry as a politically good and law-abiding king. This helps to dramatise the play as Henry is now seen as a pure and judgmental king who holds the law above friendship, through this he proves that he is not a tyrant. We also see this character trait in Act One Scene Two, when he is spoken to by the French Ambassador who asks whether he can speak freely and repeat the words of the Dauphin without fear of being killed for what he has said, Henry replies to this; â€Å"We are no Tyrant, but a Christian King† (I. II) This shows how he respects that he is not above the law. He sees himself and wants to be a great King, he associates being a Tyrant as not being Christian, he throughout the play shows himself to be a Christian King. Although the common interpretation of Henry is that he is a brave, modest, focused, and humorous King is hotly contested as some people interpret him as a deeply controversial King and there are many contradictions in his actions and morals. He is depicted as a gallant, courageous and non-aggressive King, yet he invades a defenceless country and kills thousands of innocent people. He also punishes many of his former friends, while he takes no responsibility for the anguish and bloodshed that he has created. Overall Henry is a controversial king and the subplot remind the viewer that he is not a wholly moral person. The sub plot gives the play structure and serves to give light relief and to give time for the other characters to costume change, so that the characters can change into armour for the battles and such like. It is used as light relief as the tension cause by war, politics and death would not be as effective as it gives the audience a comic break form the serious tone of the main plot. Even the main characters contribute to the comic side to the play as Henry plays a trick on Williams, this also gives the character of henry a human side by showing that he seeks humour. We see the characters of the sub plot linked with Henry in their reason for going to war, Henry goes to gain land and returns with a wife. The low lives go to war to make money as they have lost the man who provided for them, yet most of them don’t return. Pistol, the only lasting survivor of henrys drinking companions returns to London no better of than when he left, and returns to the underworld. Henry returns in glory, and complete success, yet the chorus reminds the audience at the end that everything that was fought for was lost when Henrys son came to power. The sub plot puts the main story line into unsophisticated terms and this helps the main plot and themes to be transmitted to the audience. We see the characters that are involved in the sub plot, as cowardly and pathetic men who will do anything to remove themselves from danger. This is shown in Act Two Scene One when there is threat of a fight between Bardolf Pistol and Nym, yet none of them have the courage to take the first strike. At war they are also hesitant when it  comes to going into battle, Nym is the first in Scene Three Act Two. He is particularly ungallant and this in contrast to Henry’s courageous speech shows both the reality of war as the looters are part of the process of war, and that these men are cowards and this in comparison magnifies the image of Henry V as a good and virtuous King. â€Å"Pray thee, Corporal, stay – the knocks are too hot,† (III. II, Nym) This in contrast to the king’s actions, makes Henry seem brave and courageous, and helps to prove him as a reformed character, as opposed to the character that is presented of him in Henry IV part One and Two, where he is a man who fraternises with Falstaff, Bardolf, Pistol and Nym who are presented as a low life, drunkard, and cowardly. The sub plot exhibits this through the Dauphin and his criticism of Henry as an immature King who they should expect very little from. These characters help to epitomise Henry as a new man and helps the audience to remove the negative image of Henry’s past. The low life’s show the negative side of war as they are not there because they want to fight and die in glory for England. They are there to make money as Falstaff, who provided for them, is now dead. The characters represent the common man and how they struggle to survive, especially in act V where Pistol is forced to eat a leek. Fluellen is speaking in prose and this therefore shows that it is no longer language that proves achievement in life but it is his manner, valour in battle and patriotism. This is critical of Pistol as it shows how he has fallen, at the start of the play he speaks in blank verse, through the middle of the play he has spoken in blank verse as he has gone to war and is fighting for his country but when the war is over he returns to prose this shows that he has not gained from the war, and that even though he has been fighting for England he has not improved in character. Pistol is the only one of the lowlife characters that alternates between blank verse and prose, this reveals his boastfulness as a masquerade of bravery. Through this parody, we see that he is trying to be more than he is capable. The change in the style of his language suggests that war can give people a chance to be better people and breaks a chance for accelerated status, the change in Pistols language suggests that he is effected by the war but only in the short term. Henry V can also rotate between blank verse and prose this shows that he can move on many different levels, it reminds of his past and shows how he is changed. He speaks in prose when he is in disguise talking to the soldiers, and when he is speaking with Katherine. Even when Henry does speak in prose it is structured, it also gives him a chance to show what he believes truly. In his time in disguise he creates another sub plot between himself and Williams. In this sub plot we see a contrast between ideas, the ideal of kingship and that of Williams as the ordinary plainspoken Englishman. Henry moves between styles easily, and his speech has as much impact in both forms. The war gives the play a serious undertone and makes the play more real and therefore more dramatic, this accents the main story line as it backs up the idea of the hardship felt by the soldiers; â€Å"My people are with sickness much enfeebled, My numbers are lessened, and those few I have Almost no better than so many French;† Even Henry admits that they are weak, this is also backed up by the French’s point of view even though it is very over confident they call the English army; â€Å"beggared host,†¦. life so lifeless as it shows itself† The confidence of the French is massively over established and their irony contrasts with the English feelings about the battle. This is also contrasted with the English as they are rallied together by a speech made by Henry. The speech henry is sceptical about the battle, this is shown as he does not say that they are going to win, he says that they will be remembered for fighting but not because they won. He says that he is not motivated but money but by honour, and he is fighting to gain honour. He is sceptical because he doesn’t mention winning but only what will come from the battle. The sub plot contributes to the dramatic undertones, because throughout the play they are very sceptical about what is going to happen, this links them to Henry yet they deal with this emotion in different ways. Pistol thinks highly of the monarch yet he refers to him as a ‘bully’ this may mean that Pistol is very conscious that you have no choice, that all must follow him and that there is no choice in the matter. this contrasts with the main story line as most are willing to do as he says because it is the patriotic thing to do. The sub plot is an important factor in the play and therefore contributes vastly to the play as it creates another angle in the play and the plot is told from the common mans point of view. The sub plot is significant because it provides another layer to the play and creates a new level on which the audience can view the characters. Not only does it assist the portrayal of well developed and rounded characters, it gives the common a character that they can relate to as a soldier and a man who is ruled over, this helps to make the audience appreciate the play as the more involved they are in the plot the more they will be able to appreciate the complex story line and themes throughout the play. The Sub plot characters are those that featured in Henrys past, not only does this give the play a link to Henry IV part one and part two, it gives the audience a reminder of Henry’s tainted past. This provides a contrast for Henry’s change in character between the past and the present, this highlights the way that he is now a new person and has now got totally new ideals. The sub plot also illuminates the reality of war and the earnest and sombre undertone provided and the way that all the boys were killed. The sub plot is used to accent the main plot in many ways both in contrast and support.

Amber Mileski Essays (810 words) - Neurochemistry, Neuroscience

Amber Mileski Essays (810 words) - Neurochemistry, Neuroscience Amber Mileski English 111 Compare and Contrast 26 March 2017 Fighting the Battle Against Drugs The utilization of med ications has expanded , as indicated by various articles in medicinal diaries. They debilitate groups everywhere throughout the world in view of how influence the organs of the body and their capacities. Split and cocaine are two of these risky medications. In this way, it is imperative for social insurance experts to know about them keeping in mind the end goal to manage any issues identified with their utilization that patients may involvement . Crack and cocaine have three comparative consequ ences for the human body. Although crack is warmth safe and cocaine is obliterated by warmth, both ca use hypertension. Likewise, crac k and cocaine achieve physiological and mental harm, contingent upon prior conditions and the degree of medication utilize. For instance, fantasy, psychosis, suspicion, and forceful conduct may happen, and an overdose of either may bring about cardiovascular crumple or writhing. At last, utilization of both medications can prompt fixation . The high from smoking crack and cocaine can be outweighed by numerous amount of negative effects. The most common side effects that have been reported are i rritability , anxiety, headache, depression, a ggressive, paranoid behavior , a bdominal pain , and sudden death due to a heart attack or stroke (The E ffects of Crack Use, 2017). They both have short term and long term effects on the body. The short-term physical and mental effects of using crack and cocaine are generally more intense than the effects from snorting powdered cocaine and are like what is experienced when injecting cocaine. These effects are also like other commonly abused stimulants such as methamphetamine . Individuals who utilize it frequently don't eat or rest appropriately. They can encounter significantly expanded heart rate, muscle fits and shakings. The medication can make individuals feel jumpy, furious, antagonistic, and restless notwithstanding when they aren't high. Regardless of how much of the drug is used or how frequently, crack cocaine increases the risk that the user will experience a heart attack, stroke, seizure, or respiratory failure (The E ffects of Crack Use, 2017). Long haul impacts from utilization of rocks incorporate serious harm to the heart, liver, and kidneys. Clients will probably have irresistible ailments. Proceeded with every day utilize causes lack of sleep and loss of craving, bringing about ailing health. Smoking rocks likewise can bring about forceful and neurotic conduct . Regardless of crac k and cocaine's likenesses, they have three noteworthy contrasts. In the first place, albeit split and cocaine are gotten from the coca plant, they contrast in frame. The real compound impacts of split versus powder cocaine are not diverse . However, the chemical makeup of crack vs. powder cocaine does differ. Powder cocaine is the hydrochloride salt form , this is how is exists in nature. Powder cocaine is a white powdery substance that is abused by snorting and which can be dissolved in water . Crack is one the form bases of cocaine. Crack is essentially powder cocaine mixed with water and baking soda which is dried into a solid mass. This mass is cracked' into rocks that are smoked. Another difference is that the criminal punishment associated to their use and possession are very different. P ossessing 500 grams of powder cocaine carries the same penalty as possessing 28 grams of crack (Cocaine.org, 2014). Regularly, the cerebrum discharges dopamine in these circuits in light of potential prizes, similar to the possess an aroma similar to great nourishment. It then reuses once more into the phone that discharged it, stopping the flag between nerve cells. Cocaine keeps dopamine from reusing, making over the top sums develop between nerve cells. This surge of dopamine at last upsets typical cerebrum correspondence and causes cocaine's high. Another significant distinction is by which how they enter the body. Powder cocaine is usually snorted through the nose and absorbed through nasal mucosa membranes, and also can be injected (Cocaine.org, 2014). Crack is t he crystal that is heated to produce vapors that are inhaled into the lungs. This form of cocaine is called Crack, which refers to the crackling sound of the

250 Topics for Familiar Essays (Writing Suggestions)

250 Topics for Familiar Essays (Writing Suggestions) This list of 250 subjects for familiar essays originally appeared as an appendix to Essays and Essay-Writing, an anthology edited by William M. Tanner and published by the Atlantic Monthly Press in 1917. But dont let the date scare you away. While a few of the topics are musty (Our Ragtime Age) and some are a bit perplexing (Grooves and Graves), the majority of these topics are as timely (or perhaps timeless) as ever (The Shrinking Earth, Illusions We Live By, Our Nervous Age). Tanners brief introduction strikes an encouraging note: In no other form of prose composition is the selection of a subject so much a matter of the writers own choosing as in the familiar essay. Though adequate subjects can rarely be assigned by another person, it is possible that the student may find in the following list a few titles that suggest subjects of interest to him and within the range of his observation and experience. So remain open to these suggestions. Feel free to update a topicfor example, by turning telephone etiquette into email or texting behaviors. If youre puzzled by a subject, dont try to decipher what the author intended a century ago. Instead, take a few minutes to explore its possible meanings for you today. 250 Topics for Familiar Essays 1. On Discovering Oneself2. On Deceiving Oneself3. Epidemic Education4. The Pleasures of Loafing5. Favorite Antipathies6. On Wearing New Shoes7. The Penalty of Violating Convention8. First Impressions9. On Acquiring an Artistic Temperament10. A Model Obituary 11. Uses of Disagreeable People12. Keeping up Appearances13. The Psychology of Bargains14. People Who Make-Believe15. Conceited People16. Our Nervous Age17. Sophomore Apathy18. The Enchantment of Distance19. On Being Worth Knowing20. The Glory of the Commonplace 21. Mental Laziness22. On Thinking for Oneself23. The Necessity of Being Amused24. Mans Opinion of Himself25. On Giving Advice26. Silent Talkers27. My Ailments28. The Valor of Ignorance29. An Apology for Bores30. College Libraries as Social Centers 31. Judging by Appearances32. On Making Excuses33. The Pleasure of Escape34. A Word for Mediocrity35. On Attending to Other Peoples Business36. The Heritage of the Youngest Child37. Academic Snobbishness38. On Being Small89. A Defense of Day-Dreaming40. Leaders and Led 41. The Excitement of Having a Bank Account42. By-Products of Church Attendance43. Fashionable Tardiness44. The Penalties of Success45. On Looking Ones Best46. Cultural Immunity47. Personality in Apparel48. The Responsibility of Greatness49. On Recovering from Love Affairs50. The Passing of the Country Road 51. Mute Eloquence52. On Choosing Ones Ancestors53. The Psychology of Patent Medicines54. Helpful Enemies55. The Tyranny of Trifles56. Intellectual Alarm Clocks57. The Monotony of Student Life58. Table Manners59. On Holding Ones Tongue60. Dangers of Narrowmindedness 61. The Tendency to Exaggerate Misfortune62. Outgrown Opinions63. On Making Apologies for Oneself64. My TaskmasterDuty65. Talkers66. The Character of Horses67. Why the Dessert Course Last?68. On Being Introduced69. Running on Low Gear70. Etiquette for Ancestors 71. On Going Barefooted72. Cast-off Enthusiasms73. The Joys of the Country Cottager74. On Answering Advertisements75. Reflections While Shaving76. Shams77. Intellectual Inheritances78. The Imperious They79. On Knowing When to Stop80. Personality in the Handshake 81. Hairpins82. On Taking Oneself Too Seriously83. A Curse of Cleverness84. Living Caricatures85. On Repenting at Leisure86. Imitations87. The Joys of Procrastination88. Popular Fallacies89. Men Say90. Human Parasites 91. On Looking Wise92. Mechanical Pleasures93. Sponges94. On Waiting for the Postman95. Intellectual Pioneers96. Animal Resemblances in People97. The Pleasures of Quarreling98. Bird Music99. Victims of Charity100. On Being Misunderstood 101. Some False Impressions of Childhood102. Rivalry in Gift-Giving103. Faces and Masks104. On Posing for My Friends105. Seasonal Joys106. The Value of Disagreement107. The Pleasures of Living108. Garden Friends109. Animal Facial Expressions110. Automobile Society 111. On Outgrowing Ones Family112. The Abuse of the Imagination113. Humorous Blunders114. Getters and Receivers115. On Praying in Public116. Pleasures of Memory117. My Selves118. A Plea for Ghosts119. On Keeping a Secret120. Color Antipathies 121. The Art of Eating Spaghetti122. Pins or Angels?123. On Going to Sleep124. Human Blindness125. Dream Adventures126. Behind the Teeth127. On Riding Pegasus with Spurs128. Butterfly Fancies129. Present130. The Glamour of the Past 131. Chameleons132. On Being Good Company for Oneself133. Face Value134. The Monotony of Being Good135. Safety Valves in Student Life136. On Being Mentally Alert137. Company Manners138. Natures Spring Song139. Mountains and Molehills140. Old-fashioned Remedies 141. On Wearing Overshoes142. The Influence of Proximity143. Bristles144. Working Over-Time145. On Nursing a Grievance146. Family Expectations147. Mental Perspective148. Subway Scenery149. The Futility of the Practical150. On Making Up Ones Mind 151. The Responsibility of a Perfect Baby152. Domineering Ideals153. On Living in the Present (Future)154. Social Misfits155. Interesting By-Paths156. Temporal Halos157. Face Forward!158. Mental Vagrancy159. On Hugging a Conclusion160. An Apology for Polite Lying 161. Preparedness162. Gasoline and Onions163. On Stepping Aside164. Voices165. Late Arrivals166. Next!167. Mental Detours168. Watch Your Step!169. On Telling Jokes170. Epitaph Humor 171. The Winged Circle172. Spring Styles in Freshmen173. American Aggressiveness174. Natures Languages175. Earthbound176. On Advising the Almighty177. Mental Lapses178. Fashion Bondage179. Haunted Libraries180. The Humor of Cartoons 181. Wasting Time182. On Growing Up183. Beyond My Horizon184. Mental Shock-Absorbers185. After He Was Dead186. Successful Failures187. The Dilettante188. Humorous Dyspepsia189. On Becoming Ones Own Financier190. Conservation of Social Resources 191. Perfume and the Lady192. On Being Eye-Minded193. The Satisfaction of Being Well-Dressed194. Earth Odors195. The Life Urge in Nature196. The Shrinking Earth197. College Ethics198. The Triumph of the Machine199. Human Gadflies200. The Failure of Success 201. Social Eclipses202. Adventures While Pursuing an Idea203. Our Ragtime Age204. On Boasting of Weakness205. Discords206. Suspended Judgments207. Second Thoughts208. On Keeping Step209. Understudies210. The Vogue of Boredom 211. Smoke Wreaths212. Traveling and Arriving213. Echoes214. Screens, Past and Present215. Illusions We Live By216. On Losing Ones Grip217. Poppies218. Anvil Choruses219. Interesting Pathetic Fallacies220. Evidences of Humor and Joy in Animals 221. On Card-Indexing Ones Friends222. Gigglers and Growlers223. Too Much Momentum224. Mental Indigestion225. Diddling226. Female Orators227. Laughter as a Social Asset228. Personal Reactions229. Grooves and Graves230. On Taking Thought for the World 231. Blind Optimism232. Church Theatricals233. The Skimmed Milk of Human Kindness234. On Asking Why235. Canine Expressions236. On Seeing Ones Name in Print237. Backyard Gardens238. Curiosity in Chickens239. The Passing of Modesty240. On Going to War 241. Telephone Manners242. Nodding243. Social Protective Coloring244. On Arising to the Occasion245. Human Registers246. The Responsibility of Being Sane247. Acid Tests248. The Pleasures of Eating249. On Losing Ones Freckles250. Mental Precipitates

How to Fix Passive Voice The Dead-Simple Guide

How to Fix Passive Voice The Dead-Simple Guide How to Fix Passive Voice Acquisition editors have eagle-eyes for both talent and for amateurs. They’re looking for stuff to buy and publish, and most are so overwhelmed with submissions, they’ve learned to quickly spot anything that allows them to set your piece aside. Sound cruel? They don’t want reject your writing. But because of their work loads (and their goal- finding something they know will sell), once they see the mark of a novice, they’re on to the next manuscript. Even experienced writers see their work land in the reject pile if they allow passive voice to creep in. Give your manuscript a fighting chance and learn how to fix  passive voice  before you submit. Need help fine-tuning your writing?  Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. What Is  Passive Voice? I could tell you about subjects and objects and verbs  and which is acting vs. being acted upon,   avoiding adverbs, and all that. But unless you excelled at diagramming sentences in school, that’s going to sound like gibberish. The easiest way to spot passive voice is to look for state-of-being verbs and often the word by. And the best way I know to teach this is by example. Passive Voice Misuse Passive: The party was planned by Jill. Active: Jill planned the party. Passive: The wedding cake was created by Ben. Active: Ben created the wedding cake. Passive: The Little League team was given trophies by the coaches. Active: The coaches gave the Little League team trophies. Passive: A good time was had by all. Active: Everybody had a good time. Avoid passive voice to increase your chances of getting more than five minutes of an editor’s time. Active Voice Strengthens Your Prose Avoiding passive voice will set you apart from much of your competition, but even better, it will give your writing a distinct ring of clarity. Scour your work-in-progress for passive voice, root it out, replace it with active, and see how much more powerfully it reads. That’s the kind of writing that gets more of an editor’s time. Need help fine-tuning your writing?  Click here to download my free self-editing checklist. Has this helped clarify how to fix passive voice? Do you still have questions for me or tips for others on how you’d dealt with this? Tell me in the comments.

Wine Market (ALDI Group) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Wine Market (ALDI Group) - Case Study Example In 2008, ALDI's global revenues reached an estimated $65,700.0 million in tendered sales. Distribution of revenues across markets reveals growth in some regions of the world, and retraction in others. Adequate analysis of sites for aggressive advancement of wine varietals within ALDI stores across the board requires data on the overall picture of the various market regions and segmentation analysis of both the wine industry and its customers, for future integration of operations and knowledge sharing with industry partners toward realization of the Group's planned expansion in this product area. One of the strengths of ALDI's German based operations has been the Group's flexible approach to strategic opportunities during moments of economic downturn. A company known for its vision of offering the 'cheapest' high caliber products to its markets, ALDI has brought its 'home,' national and international brand grocery product lines to customers at the lowest possible prices while retaining the select-assortment concept indicative of specialty stores. ALDI's philosophy of grocery retail is based on a 'less-is-more' approach; from supplier selection to store location development and operations, each step in the distribution to market chain is managed to facilitate savings substantial enough to impact the everyday lives of consumers. The Group is reliant upon a tri-partite model of conducting retail business, which includes concentration on: 1. Purchasing power which translates to customer savings, by a large grocery retailer with focused attention on a limited number of 1,400 grocery and household items, of which are mostly ALDI 'select brands'; 2. Streamlined operations that enable the corporation to reduce costs; 3. Adherence to stringent quality standards dedicated to matching or exceeding the leading national brand in taste, appearance, and/or performance. In the context of the most recent global financial crisis, ALDI is looking for ways in which to expand its market share in the retail wine sector. Strategic planning toward this vision must acknowledge points of saturation in the wine market, as well as the total competitive picture in the retail grocery industry. For instance, ALDI's market share in its home country, Germany, has actually seen a reduction recently due to a high level of competition from other compatriot corporations. In efforts to retain the Group's 19% share of the German national market, the stores have begun to offer shoppers more in the way of international brands, and better incentives through semi-weekly promotions in order to capture a larger segment of the middle-class consumer population. Despite the challenge faced at home, ALDI's operations in over 15 other countries continue to be successful, and while hit and miss in 'hot' markets in Eastern Europe sustained by youth demographics, ALDI has recently opened stores in Hungary and Poland. The Commonwealth countries of South Pacific offer a similar demographic operations in Australia now